Torus mandibularis

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Torus mandibularis
File:Torus cropped.jpg Torus mandibularis
Synonyms	Mandibular torus
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bony growths on the inner surface of the mandible
Complications	May interfere with denture placement
Onset	Usually develops in adulthood
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic and environmental factors
Risks	More common in certain ethnic groups
Diagnosis	Clinical examination
Differential diagnosis	Exostosis, osteoma
Prevention	None
Treatment	Usually none required, surgical removal if necessary
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Varies by population, more common in Asian and Inuit populations
Deaths	N/A

Torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. This growth may be singular or present in a cluster, and it typically occurs in adults. It is generally a harmless condition and does not require treatment unless it interferes with oral health or prosthetic treatments.

Introduction

Torus mandibularis represents an example of a common oral anatomical variation. The prevalence varies widely depending on the population, but it typically ranges between 5-40%. The condition tends to have a higher prevalence in Asian and Inuit populations and often runs in families, indicating a potential genetic link.

Causes and Risk Factors

• The exact cause of torus mandibularis is not well understood. However, researchers believe it could be a multifactorial trait influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental *factors. Some potential contributing factors include:
• Genetics: There's evidence to suggest that torus mandibularis can run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the condition.
• Bruxism: Excessive teeth grinding may contribute to the formation of these bony growths.
• Diet: Some studies have suggested that a diet high in animal protein can increase the likelihood of developing torus mandibularis.

Symptoms

In most cases, torus mandibularis doesn't present with symptoms and is often discovered during a routine dental examination. The bony growths can vary in size and number and are generally slow-growing. They are typically located on the inner side of the lower jaw, above the level of the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle, and they can present bilaterally or unilaterally.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of torus mandibularis is typically made during a physical examination of the oral cavity, often during routine dental visits. Imaging studies, such as dental radiographs, may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment is usually unnecessary unless the torus interferes with oral hygiene, the fit of dentures, or if it becomes traumatized by eating certain foods. In cases where treatment is required, surgical removal (torus reduction) can be performed.

Prognosis

Torus mandibularis is a benign condition, and the prognosis is excellent. Even in cases where surgery is necessary, the risk of complications is low, and recurrence is rare.

References

<references>

• Reichart PA, Neuhaus F, Sookasem M. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988;16(1):61-4.
• Al Quran FA, Al-Dwairi ZN. Torus mandibularis: a case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(6):1022-5.

</references>

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