Mandibular setback surgery

Mandibular Setback Surgery is a type of orthognathic surgery that involves repositioning the lower jaw (mandible) to correct dental malocclusion and improve facial aesthetics. This surgical procedure is often recommended for patients with a prognathism, where the mandible is protruded forward beyond the normal alignment with the upper jaw (maxilla). Mandibular setback surgery aims to achieve a more balanced facial profile and improve the function of the jaw.

Indications

Mandibular setback surgery is indicated for individuals with:

• Class III malocclusion, characterized by the lower teeth overlapping the upper teeth due to an overextended mandible.
• Aesthetic concerns related to the prominence of the lower jaw.
• Difficulty in chewing, biting, or other functional problems due to misalignment of the jaws.

Procedure

The surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth to access the mandible. Using specialized surgical tools, the bone is cut, and the lower jaw is moved backward to align properly with the upper jaw. The position of the mandible is secured with screws and plates, which remain in the body to support the new alignment. The incisions are then sutured closed.

Recovery

Post-operative recovery involves a period of swelling, bruising, and discomfort, which can be managed with prescribed pain medication. A modified diet and specific oral hygiene instructions are provided to aid in healing. Patients may also need to wear braces before and after surgery to ensure proper alignment of the teeth. Follow-up visits are necessary to monitor the healing process and the outcome of the surgery.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, mandibular setback surgery carries risks, including:

• Infection
• Nerve damage, potentially leading to temporary or permanent loss of sensation
• Problems with jaw function, such as difficulty in opening the mouth or chewing
• Relapse of the jaw to its original position

Conclusion

Mandibular setback surgery is a significant procedure that can dramatically improve the quality of life for individuals with severe jaw misalignment. It requires careful planning and execution by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Patients considering this surgery should discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare provider.

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