Mallein test

Mallein test

The Mallein test is a diagnostic procedure used to detect glanders, a contagious and often fatal disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. This test is primarily used in equine species, such as horses, mules, and donkeys.

A historical depiction of the Mallein test being administered in 1918.

History

The Mallein test was developed in the late 19th century as a means to control the spread of glanders, which was a significant problem in military and civilian horse populations. The test was named after the substance "mallein," which is derived from the bacterium Burkholderia mallei.

Procedure

The Mallein test involves the intradermal injection of mallein, a protein derivative of Burkholderia mallei. The test is typically administered in the lower eyelid or neck of the animal. After injection, the site is observed for a specific reaction, which usually occurs within 24 to 48 hours.

Positive Reaction

A positive reaction is characterized by swelling, purulent discharge, and sometimes fever. This indicates that the animal has been exposed to the glanders pathogen and has developed an immune response.

Negative Reaction

A negative reaction, where there is no significant swelling or discharge, suggests that the animal is not infected with glanders.

Significance

The Mallein test is an important tool in the control and eradication of glanders. It allows for the identification and isolation of infected animals, thereby preventing the spread of the disease to other animals and humans.

Related pages

• Glanders
• Burkholderia mallei
• Equine medicine
• Veterinary diagnostics