Liverworts
Liverworts
Liverworts (pronounced /ˈlɪvərwɔːrts/), scientifically known as Marchantiophyta (pronounced /mɑːrˌkæntiˈɒfɪtə/), are a group of non-vascular plants that are commonly found in damp habitats. The name 'liverwort' comes from the Old English 'lifer', meaning liver, and 'wyrt', meaning plant. This is due to the liver-like appearance of some species of this plant.
Liverworts are one of the oldest groups of plants, with fossil records dating back to the Devonian period. They are closely related to mosses and hornworts, which together form the group known as bryophytes.
Classification
Liverworts are classified under the division Marchantiophyta. They are further divided into two classes: Jungermanniopsida and Marchantiopsida. These classes are distinguished by their different reproductive structures and growth forms.
Morphology
Liverworts have a simple structure, lacking the complex vascular tissues found in higher plants. They have a flat, thallus-like body that grows close to the ground. The body of the liverwort is anchored to the substrate by rhizoids, which are similar to the roots of higher plants.
Reproduction
Liverworts reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the production of sporophytes from the fertilization of gametophytes. Asexual reproduction occurs through the production of gemmae, which are small discs of tissue that can grow into new plants.
Ecology
Liverworts play an important role in the ecosystem. They help in soil formation and also provide a habitat for numerous small animals and microorganisms. Some species of liverworts are also used in traditional medicine.
See Also
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