List of allergens

List of Allergens

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A collage of common allergens: pollen, pet dander, nuts, and shellfish

Allergens are typically harmless substances that can cause an allergic reaction in individuals who are sensitive to them. An allergic response occurs when the immune system incorrectly identifies an allergen as a threat and releases inflammatory chemicals, such as histamine. This article provides a categorized list of common allergens known to trigger allergic reactions.

Airborne Allergens

These allergens are typically inhaled and can lead to respiratory symptoms:

• Pollen: Released by trees, grasses, and weeds.
• Mold Spores: Produced by fungi in damp environments.
• Pet Dander: Small flecks of skin shed by cats, dogs, birds, and other animals.
• Dust Mites: Microscopic organisms found in house dust.
• Cockroach Droppings: Can become airborne and inhaled.

Food Allergens

Common foods that can provoke allergic reactions include:

• Peanuts: And other legumes like soy.
• Tree Nuts: Such as almonds, cashews, and walnuts.
• Milk: And other dairy products.
• Eggs: Particularly the proteins in egg whites.
• Wheat: Found in many baked goods and pastas.
• Fish and Shellfish: Such as shrimp, lobster, and salmon.
• Soy: Common in many processed foods.

Contact Allergens

Allergens that can cause skin reactions upon direct contact:

• Latex: Natural rubber found in some gloves and medical devices.
• Nickel: A metal often used in jewelry and clasps.
• Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac: Plants that produce an irritating oil.
• Certain Medications: Like topical antibiotics or antihistamines.

Insect Allergens

Reactions caused by insect bites or stings:

• Bee and Wasp Stings: Can cause severe reactions in some individuals.
• Mosquito Bites: Lead to red, itchy bumps in most people but can cause severe reactions in some.
• Bedbug Bites: Can cause itchy welts on the skin.

Drug Allergens

Medications can sometimes provoke allergic reactions:

• Penicillin: And other antibiotics.
• Aspirin: And other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Sulfa drugs: Used to treat bacterial infections.

See Also

• Anaphylaxis
• Allergic rhinitis
• Food allergy
• Allergy testing

References

• Smith, L. & Robinson, P. (2016). Common Allergens and Their Sources. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
• Martinez, R. (2019). Understanding Allergies: Causes and Symptoms. Allergy Research Reviews.