Lipoxygenase
Lipoxygenase
Lipoxygenase (pronunciation: /ˌlaɪpɒksɪˈdʒeɪnəs/) is a family of enzymes that oxidize fatty acids to produce lipids that function in cell signalling and inflammation.
Etymology
The term "Lipoxygenase" is derived from the words "lipid" and "oxygen", indicating its function in the oxidation of lipids.
Function
Lipoxygenases are part of the family of oxidoreductases. They catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids, producing hydroperoxides which are precursors of a class of signaling molecules known as eicosanoids. These molecules play a significant role in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses.
Types
There are several types of lipoxygenases, including 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and 15-lipoxygenase. Each type is named for the position in the fatty acid at which oxidation occurs.
5-Lipoxygenase
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of leukotrienes, which are lipid signaling molecules that mediate inflammatory responses.
12-Lipoxygenase
12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acids to produce specific bioactive lipids, which have roles in inflammation and other physiological processes.
15-Lipoxygenase
15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid and linoleic acids, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of certain diseases, including asthma and atherosclerosis.
Clinical Significance
Lipoxygenases have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, asthma, arthritis, and atherosclerosis. Inhibitors of lipoxygenase enzymes are being investigated for their potential use in the treatment of these diseases.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Lipoxygenase
- Wikipedia's article - Lipoxygenase
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