Last

Last is a term used in various contexts, often referring to the final item in a series or the most recent occurrence of something. In the context of shoemaking, a last is a mechanical form shaped like a human foot, used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes. Lasts typically come in pairs and have been made from various materials, including hardwoods, cast iron, and high-density plastics.

Etymology

The word "last" comes from the Old English laest, meaning footprint. The term's use in shoemaking dates back to at least the 13th century.

Use in Shoemaking

In shoemaking, a last is used to give footwear its shape. The last must represent the anatomical information of the foot, at the same time giving the finished shoe a pleasing and fashionable appearance. Each shoe last is designed for a particular heel height, toe shape, and type of footwear. For this reason, shoe lasts come in many shapes and sizes, and every shoe manufacturer has its own proprietary collection of lasts.

Types of Lasts

There are three basic types of shoe lasts:

• Straight lasts: These are symmetrical and have no lateral or medial side. They are used to make so-called "comfort" shoes.
• Semi-curved lasts: These are a compromise between straight and curved lasts. They are slightly asymmetrical, but not as much as curved lasts.
• Curved lasts: These are asymmetrical and follow the natural shape of the foot. They are used to make athletic and many types of men's and women's shoes.

See Also

• Shoemaking
• Cordwainer
• Footwear

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