Laryngeal cleft

Laryngeal cleft
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Difficulty breathing, aspiration, hoarseness, coughing, recurrent pneumonia
Complications	Aspiration pneumonia, respiratory distress
Onset	Congenital
Duration
Types	Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV
Causes	Congenital disorder
Risks
Diagnosis	Laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagram
Differential diagnosis	Tracheoesophageal fistula, laryngomalacia, vocal cord paralysis
Prevention
Treatment	Surgical repair, speech therapy, feeding therapy
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Laryngeal cleft is a rare congenital disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is characterized by an abnormal opening between the larynx and the esophagus, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Anatomy

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a tube-shaped organ in the neck that is involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, allowing for the passage of food and liquids. In individuals with laryngeal cleft, there is an abnormal opening, or cleft, between the larynx and the esophagus. This cleft can vary in size and location, and is classified into four types based on its severity.

Types

There are four types of laryngeal cleft, classified according to the depth and location of the cleft:

• Type I: The cleft is located above the vocal cords and does not extend into the cartilage of the larynx.
• Type II: The cleft extends into the cartilage of the larynx but does not reach the cricoid cartilage.
• Type III: The cleft extends through the cricoid cartilage and into the cervical esophagus.
• Type IV: The cleft extends the full length of the larynx and esophagus.

Symptoms

The symptoms of laryngeal cleft can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty swallowing
• Recurrent pneumonia
• Chronic cough
• Failure to thrive
• Aspiration of food or liquids into the lungs

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of laryngeal cleft typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. A bronchoscopy or laryngoscopy may be performed to visualize the larynx and esophagus.

Treatment

Treatment for laryngeal cleft depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, conservative management such as dietary modifications and medications may be sufficient. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to close the cleft.

See also

• Congenital disorders
• Larynx
• Esophagus

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