Labyrinth

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Labyrinth (Medicine)

Labyrinth (pronunciation: /ˈlabərinTH/) is a complex structure in the inner ear that plays a key role in maintaining balance and hearing in humans and animals.

Etymology

The term "labyrinth" is derived from the Greek "labyrinthos," which refers to a complex maze-like structure. In the medical context, it is used to describe the intricate network of canals and cavities found in the inner ear.

Anatomy

The inner ear labyrinth is divided into two main parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a series of channels in the temporal bone, while the membranous labyrinth is a continuous collection of sacs and ducts contained within the bony labyrinth.

Bony Labyrinth

The bony labyrinth consists of three parts: the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. These structures are filled with a fluid called perilymph.

Membranous Labyrinth

The membranous labyrinth, filled with a fluid called endolymph, also consists of three parts: the utricle and saccule (within the vestibule), the semicircular ducts (within the semicircular canals), and the cochlear duct (within the cochlea).

Function

The labyrinth plays a crucial role in two sensory systems: the vestibular system, which controls balance, and the auditory system, which enables hearing.

Vestibular System

The vestibular system uses the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals to detect changes in the body's position and movement. This information is then sent to the brain to help maintain balance.

Auditory System

The cochlea, part of the auditory system, transforms sound vibrations into nerve impulses. These impulses are then sent to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.

Related Terms

  • Vestibular neuritis: An inflammation of the inner ear usually caused by a viral infection, resulting in dizziness and loss of balance.
  • Meniere's disease: A disorder of the inner ear that can lead to dizzy spells (vertigo) and hearing loss.
  • Labyrinthitis: An inflammation of the inner ear that causes dizziness and loss of balance.

External links

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