L-cysteine
L-cysteine
L-cysteine (pronounced as el-sis-teen) is a semi-essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is classified as a semi-essential amino acid because it can be synthesized in the body, but in some individuals, the synthesis may not be sufficient to meet physiological needs.
Etymology
The term "cysteine" comes from the Greek word "kystis," which means bladder. This is because L-cysteine was first isolated from a urinary stone in 1884.
Function
L-cysteine plays several important roles in the body. It is involved in the formation of disulfide bonds, which help to maintain the three-dimensional structure of proteins. It also serves as a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione, which helps to protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species.
Related Terms
- Cystinuria: A genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal transport of certain amino acids, including L-cysteine, in the kidneys and intestines.
- N-acetylcysteine: A medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Homocysteine: A non-proteinogenic amino acid that is related to L-cysteine and is associated with heart disease when present in high levels in the blood.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on L-cysteine
- Wikipedia's article - L-cysteine
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