Kussmaul breathing
Kussmaul Breathing
Kussmaul breathing (pronounced: koos-mowl) is a type of abnormal respiratory pattern characterized by deep, rapid breathing. It is often associated with severe metabolic conditions, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis but also kidney failure.
Etymology
The term "Kussmaul breathing" is named after the German physician Adolf Kussmaul, who first described this breathing pattern in the 19th century.
Definition
Kussmaul breathing is a form of hyperventilation that is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis and renal failure. It is characterized by deep, rapid breaths that are often described as air hunger or gasping.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of Kussmaul breathing is a deep, labored breathing pattern. This can be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
Causes
Kussmaul breathing is most commonly caused by conditions that lead to metabolic acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and kidney failure. Other potential causes include lactic acidosis, salicylate poisoning, and severe dehydration.
Treatment
Treatment for Kussmaul breathing involves addressing the underlying cause. This may involve administering insulin for diabetic ketoacidosis, dialysis for kidney failure, or other treatments as appropriate for the specific cause.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Kussmaul breathing
- Wikipedia's article - Kussmaul breathing
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