Julian calendar
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar (== Template:IPA ==
The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.
Pronunciation
The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.
Etymology
The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.
Related Terms
- Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
- Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
- Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
- Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Julian calendar
- Wikipedia's article - Julian calendar
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Languages: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
Urdu,
বাংলা,
తెలుగు,
தமிழ்,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
русский,
português do Brasil,
Italian,
polski), also known as the Julianian calendar, is a calendar system that was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC. It was the predominant calendar in most of Europe, and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere, until it was refined and gradually replaced by the Gregorian calendar, promulgated in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
Etymology
The Julian calendar is named after Julius Caesar, who introduced it in 46 BC. The term "Julian" is derived from "Julius", the family name of Caesar. The Latin term for the Julian calendar, "Julianus", is an adjective form of this name.
Structure
The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365.25 days divided into 12 months, as follows: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. A leap year occurs every four years, adding an extra day to February, which makes the year 366 days long.
Related terms
- Leap year: A year, occurring once every four years, which has 366 days including 29 February as an intercalary day.
- Gregorian calendar: The calendar currently used in the Western world. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, as a refinement of the Julian calendar.
- Julius Caesar: A Roman general, statesman, and historian who introduced the Julian calendar.
See also
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