Judaism
Judaism
Judaism (/dʒuːˈdaɪ.ɪzəm/; Hebrew: יהדות, Yahadut; originally from Hebrew יהודה, Yehudah, "Judah") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the laws and teachings as expressed in the Torah, specifically in its first five books, also known as the "Five Books of Moses".
Etymology
The term "Judaism" originates from the biblical Hebrew word "Yehudah" (Judah), which was the name of the fourth son of the patriarch Jacob and his descendants, who formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The term was first used to describe the religion of the Jews during the Hellenistic period (323-31 BCE).
Beliefs
Judaism's core beliefs are derived from the Torah, which Jews believe was given by God to the Jewish people on Mount Sinai. These beliefs include the existence of a single, incorporeal and ethical God, the divine origin of the Torah, and the covenantal relationship between God and the Jewish people.
Practices
Jewish practices include observing the commandments of the Torah, prayer, studying religious texts, and performing acts of kindness. The most important Jewish practices are the observance of the Sabbath and Jewish holidays, and dietary laws (Kosher).
Branches
There are several branches of Judaism, including Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism, each with its own interpretation of Jewish law and tradition.
Related Terms
- Torah: The central reference of the religious Judaic tradition.
- Talmud: The central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and Jewish theology.
- Synagogue: The building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction.
- Rabbi: A Jewish scholar or teacher, especially one who studies or teaches Jewish law.
- Kosher: Food that may be consumed according to halakha (Jewish law).
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Judaism
- Wikipedia's article - Judaism
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