January

January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer).

Etymology

The name for January comes from the ancient Roman god Janus, who was believed to have two faces - one looking forward and the other looking backward. This symbolizes the god's ability to look forward to the future and backward at the past, and is a fitting name for the month that begins a new year.

History

In the Roman calendar, January was the eleventh month and it consisted of 30 days. It became the first month of the calendar year either under Numa Pompilius (c. 713 BC) or under the decemvirs about 450 BC (Roman writers differ). In contrast, specific years pertaining to dates were identified by naming two consuls, who entered office on May 1 and March 15 before 153 BC when they began to enter office on January 1.

Events in January

There are several observances and holidays that take place in January. Some of these include New Year's Day on January 1, Martin Luther King Jr. Day on the third Monday in January in the United States, and Australia Day on January 26 in Australia.

Birthstone and Flower

The birthstone for January is the garnet, which represents constancy. The birth flower is the cottage pink Dianthus caryophyllus or galanthus.

See also

• Historical anniversaries
• Public holidays in the United States
• Public holidays in Australia

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