Intrinsic immunity

Intrinsic Immunity

Intrinsic immunity (pronunciation: /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ɪˈmjuːnɪti/) refers to the body's innate, non-specific defense mechanisms that exist even before an infection occurs. It is one of the three types of immunity, the others being adaptive immunity and passive immunity.

Etymology

The term "intrinsic" comes from the Latin word "intrinsecus", which means "on the inside, inwardly". "Immunity", on the other hand, is derived from the Latin word "immunitas", which means "exemption from service or obligation". In the context of biology, intrinsic immunity refers to the body's internal defense mechanisms that are always present and ready to fight off pathogens.

Mechanisms of Intrinsic Immunity

Intrinsic immunity involves several mechanisms that provide immediate, but non-specific, protection against potential pathogens. These include:

Physical barriers: The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers, preventing pathogens from entering the body.
Chemical barriers: Substances such as stomach acid, saliva, and tears can kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens.
Cellular defenses: Certain cells, such as natural killer cells and phagocytes, can destroy pathogens directly.
Inflammatory response: This response recruits immune cells to the site of infection and promotes healing.
Fever: An increase in body temperature can enhance the immune response and inhibit the growth of pathogens.