Interleukin 18

Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a proinflammatory cytokine. This cytokine can induce the IFN-gamma production of T cells. The combination of this cytokine and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production, and enhance IgG2a production of B cells. IL-18 binding protein (IL18BP) can specifically interact with this cytokine, and thus negatively regulate its biological activity.

Function

Interleukin 18 is a cytokine that plays an important role in the immune response. It is produced by macrophages and other cells in response to an infection or injury. Once produced, IL-18 can stimulate the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and other cytokines, enhancing the immune response.

Clinical significance

Abnormal production of IL-18 has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. It has also been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, a disease of the blood vessels that can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

Interactions

IL-18 interacts with IL-18 receptor, a cell surface receptor that is expressed on various immune cells. This interaction triggers a series of events inside the cell that ultimately leads to the production of IFN-gamma and other cytokines.

See also

• Interleukin
• Cytokine
• Immune response
• Autoimmune disease
• Atherosclerosis

References

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External links

• IL18 gene at NCBI
• IL18 protein at UniProt

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