Integrin

Integrin is a type of protein that is integral to the process of cell adhesion. They are part of the larger family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which are responsible for facilitating cell-to-cell interactions and connections.

Structure

Integrins are heterodimeric proteins, meaning they are composed of two different subunits. These subunits are known as the alpha (α) and beta (β) subunits. Each subunit spans the cell membrane and has a large extracellular domain and a smaller intracellular domain. The extracellular domain is responsible for binding to other molecules, while the intracellular domain interacts with the cytoskeleton and various signaling molecules within the cell.

Function

The primary function of integrins is to mediate cell adhesion. They do this by binding to specific ligands on the surface of other cells or in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This binding process is highly regulated and involves a complex series of interactions between the integrin and its ligand.

In addition to their role in cell adhesion, integrins also play a crucial role in cell signaling. They can transmit signals into the cell that influence a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation.

Clinical Significance

Given their crucial role in cell adhesion and signaling, integrins have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. They are therefore considered potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

See Also

• Cell adhesion molecules
• Cell signaling
• Extracellular matrix

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  Integrin structure from PDB 1jv2
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  Integrin structure from PDB 1dpk
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  Integrin structure from PDB 2brq
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  Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury