Indigenous peoples in Argentina

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Overview of the Indigenous peoples in Argentina

The Indigenous peoples in Argentina are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the region that is now Argentina, as well as their descendants. The indigenous population of Argentina is estimated to be around 955,032 according to the 2010 Census, representing approximately 2.4% of the total population.

History

The history of the indigenous peoples in Argentina dates back thousands of years before the arrival of European colonizers. Various indigenous groups, such as the Mapuche, Guarani, Qom, and Wichí, among others, inhabited the region. These groups had diverse cultures, languages, and social structures.

Pre-Columbian Era

Before the arrival of Europeans, the indigenous peoples of Argentina lived in a variety of environments, from the Andes mountains to the Pampas and the Gran Chaco. They developed complex societies with rich traditions in agriculture, hunting, and fishing.

Colonial Period

The arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century marked the beginning of significant changes for the indigenous populations. The Spanish colonization led to the displacement, assimilation, and in many cases, the decimation of indigenous communities due to diseases, warfare, and forced labor.

Modern Era

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Argentine government implemented policies aimed at assimilating indigenous peoples into the national culture, often at the expense of their traditional ways of life. However, in recent decades, there has been a resurgence of indigenous identity and activism, leading to greater recognition of their rights and cultural heritage.

Culture

The indigenous cultures of Argentina are diverse and rich in traditions. They have their own languages, customs, and social structures. Many indigenous groups continue to practice traditional crafts, music, and rituals.

Languages

There are several indigenous languages spoken in Argentina, including Mapudungun, Quechua, Guarani, and others. Efforts are being made to preserve and revitalize these languages.

Religion

Traditional indigenous religions often involve a deep connection to nature and the worship of various deities and spirits. Many indigenous people also practice Christianity, often blending it with their traditional beliefs.

Demographics

According to the 2010 Census, the largest indigenous groups in Argentina are the Mapuche, Kolla, Wichí, and Guarani. The provinces with the highest indigenous populations are Salta, Jujuy, Chaco, and Formosa.

Rights and Recognition

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the recognition of indigenous rights in Argentina. The 1994 reform of the Constitution of Argentina recognized the ethnic and cultural pre-existence of indigenous peoples and granted them rights to bilingual education, communal land ownership, and participation in the management of their natural resources.

Related Pages

• Mapuche
• Guarani people
• Qom people
• Wichí people
• Indigenous peoples of the Americas
• History of Argentina
• Languages of Argentina

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