Immunopathology

Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease. It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses. In biology, it refers to damage caused to an organism by its own immune response, as a result of an infection.

Overview

When the body's immune system fights off a disease, it can sometimes cause damage to its own cells and tissues. This is known as immunopathology. It is a key factor in many diseases, including allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immune deficiency.

Types of Immunopathology

There are four types of immunopathological reactions, known as Type I, II, III and IV.

Type I

Type I reactions are immediate hypersensitivity reactions and are mediated by IgE. Examples include anaphylaxis and allergic asthma.

Type II

Type II reactions are antibody-dependent and cytotoxic. Examples include Goodpasture's syndrome and pemphigus vulgaris.

Type III

Type III reactions are immune complex-mediated. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus and serum sickness.

Type IV

Type IV reactions are delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Examples include contact dermatitis and tuberculosis.

See Also

• Immunology
• Pathology
• Autoimmune disease
• Allergy
• Immune deficiency

References

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