Human development index
Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. The social and economic dimensions of a country are based on the health of people, their level of education attainment and their standard of living.
Pronunciation
- Hyoo-muh n De-vel-op-ment In-dex
Etymology
The term "Human Development Index" was first used in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. The concept was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Related Terms
Calculation
The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The three main components of the HDI are as follows:
- Life Expectancy Index: Life expectancy at birth, with a minimum of 20 years and maximum of 85 years.
- Education Index: Mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age.
- Income Index: GNI per capita (PPP US$), with a minimum of $100 and maximum of $75,000.
Criticism
While the HDI is a useful tool for comparing the development of different countries, it has been criticized for not including important aspects such as quality of life, environmental sustainability, or political freedom.
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