House of Savoy

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The House of Savoy (Italian: Casa Savoia) is a royal dynasty that was established in the historical region of Savoy, which is now part of modern-day France, Italy, and Switzerland. The family played a significant role in the history of Italy and Europe, particularly during the unification of Italy in the 19th century.

History

Origins

The House of Savoy was founded in 1003 by Humbert I, who was granted the title of Count of Savoy by the Holy Roman Emperor. The family's early power base was in the region of Savoy, which straddles the modern borders of France, Italy, and Switzerland.

Expansion and Influence

Over the centuries, the House of Savoy expanded its territories and influence through strategic marriages, military conquests, and political alliances. By the 15th century, the family had acquired the title of Duke of Savoy, and their lands included parts of what are now France, Italy, and Switzerland.

Role in Italian Unification

The House of Savoy played a crucial role in the unification of Italy in the 19th century. Victor Emmanuel II, a member of the House of Savoy, became the first king of a united Italy in 1861. The family's support for the unification movement, led by figures such as Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour, was instrumental in the creation of the modern Italian state.

20th Century and Decline

The House of Savoy continued to rule Italy until the end of World War II. In 1946, following a referendum, the Italian monarchy was abolished, and Italy became a republic. The male members of the House of Savoy were subsequently exiled from Italy, although they were allowed to return in 2002.

Notable Members

Legacy

The House of Savoy has left a lasting legacy in Italy and Europe. Their role in the unification of Italy is commemorated in numerous monuments and historical sites throughout the country. The family's influence is also evident in the cultural and architectural heritage of the regions they once ruled.

Also see


Royal houses of Germany
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD