Holoenzyme
Holoenzyme
Holoenzyme (/hɒloʊˈɛnzaɪm/), derived from the Greek words 'holos' meaning whole and 'enzyme' meaning in yeast, is a term used in Biochemistry to describe a complete, functional enzyme complex. It consists of an Apoenzyme, the protein portion, and one or more cofactors, non-protein chemical compounds that are required for the protein's biological activity.
Etymology
The term 'Holoenzyme' is derived from the Greek words 'holos' meaning whole and 'enzyme' meaning in yeast. It was first used in the early 20th century to describe the complete, functional form of an enzyme, as opposed to the protein-only Apoenzyme.
Structure and Function
A Holoenzyme is a biologically active compound formed by the combination of an Apoenzyme and its associated Cofactors. The Apoenzyme provides the structure and the Cofactors provide the necessary chemical reactions for the enzyme's function. The Cofactors can be either prosthetic groups, which are tightly bound to the Apoenzyme, or coenzymes, which are loosely bound and can dissociate from the enzyme.
Related Terms
- Apoenzyme: The protein component of a Holoenzyme.
- Cofactor: A non-protein chemical compound required for a protein's biological activity.
- Prosthetic group: A tightly bound cofactor.
- Coenzyme: A loosely bound cofactor that can dissociate from the enzyme.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Holoenzyme
- Wikipedia's article - Holoenzyme
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