Hip dysplasia

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Hip dysplasia
Synonyms	Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), congenital hip dysplasia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hip pain, limping, uneven leg lengths
Complications	Osteoarthritis, hip dislocation
Onset	Infancy or childhood
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic factors, environmental factors
Risks	Family history, breech birth, female sex
Diagnosis	Physical examination, ultrasound, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Transient synovitis, septic arthritis, Perthes disease
Prevention	Proper swaddling techniques
Treatment	Bracing, physical therapy, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with early treatment
Frequency	1 in 1,000 births
Deaths	N/A

Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a condition that occurs when the hip joint is not properly formed, leading to instability and potential dislocation. It is most commonly diagnosed in infants, but can also occur later in life.

X-ray of hip dysplasia in adult

Causes

Hip dysplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, breech birth, and certain cultural practices such as swaddling with the legs extended and pressed together. Genetic factors are believed to play a significant role, as the condition is more common in certain families and populations.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hip dysplasia can vary depending on the age of the individual and the severity of the condition. In infants, symptoms may include a leg that appears shorter than the other, decreased mobility on one side, and asymmetrical folds of skin on the thigh or buttocks. In older children and adults, symptoms may include hip pain, limping, and osteoarthritis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hip dysplasia is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. During a physical examination, a doctor may perform specific maneuvers to check for instability in the hip. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound in infants and x-ray in older children and adults, can provide further information about the structure of the hip joint.

Treatment

Treatment for hip dysplasia depends on the age of the individual and the severity of the condition. In infants, treatment often involves the use of a special harness or brace to hold the hip joint in the correct position. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. In adults, treatment may involve physical therapy, pain management, and in severe cases, surgery.

See also

• Osteoarthritis
• Orthopedics
• Pediatrics

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