Haplodiploidy
Haplodiploidy (pronounced: hap-lo-dip-loi-dee) is a unique sex determination system found in certain insect species and other organisms.
Etymology
The term "haplodiploidy" is derived from the Greek words "haploos" meaning single and "diploos" meaning double. It refers to the two different types of cell division, haploid and diploid, that determine the sex of the offspring in these species.
Definition
Haplodiploidy is a type of sexual reproduction in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, while females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid. This means that males have one set of chromosomes (from their mother) and females have two sets of chromosomes (one from their mother and one from their father).
Related Terms
- Haploid: An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
- Diploid: An organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number.
- Sexual reproduction: The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).
- Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Examples
Haplodiploidy is most commonly found in insects of the order Hymenoptera, such as bees, wasps, and ants. In these species, unfertilized eggs become males, while fertilized eggs develop into females.
Implications
The haplodiploidy system has interesting implications for kin selection, a theory in evolutionary biology. Because of the unique way in which genes are passed on, female hymenopterans share more genes with their sisters than with their own offspring. This can lead to behaviors such as eusociality, where some individuals forego reproduction to help raise their siblings.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Haplodiploidy
- Wikipedia's article - Haplodiploidy
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