Hanuman

A Hanuman sculpture in Singapore

StandingHanumanCholaDynasty11thCentury

Hampi ei1180

Hanuman Mistakes the Sun for a Fruit

Hanuman then allows himself to be captured by Ravana, who sets his tail on fire; bazaar art, c.1910's

Hanuman is a central character in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana and one of the most important personalities in the Hindu pantheon. Known for his unwavering devotion to Rama, the seventh avatar of Vishnu, and his supernatural feats, Hanuman is worshipped as a symbol of strength, perseverance, and devotion.

Origins

Hanuman is believed to be a vanara (a creature part human, part monkey). According to various texts, his mother Anjana was an apsara who was born on Earth due to a curse and his father Kesari was a vanara chief. Hanuman is also considered a son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.

Role in the Ramayana

In the Ramayana, Hanuman's role is pivotal. His exploits are detailed in the Kishkindha Kanda and Sundara Kanda, where his search for Sita, the kidnapped wife of Rama, leads him to the island kingdom of Lanka. Hanuman's leap across the Indian Ocean to reach Lanka is one of the most celebrated feats in the Ramayana. Upon finding Sita, he proves Rama's message of hope and destroys parts of Lanka, showcasing his might and the power of true devotion. Hanuman also plays a crucial role in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana, using his immense strength and strategic intellect to help Rama emerge victorious.

Attributes and Powers

Hanuman is known for his extraordinary physical strength, the power of flight, and the ability to change size at will. His devotion to Rama is considered his greatest attribute, making him an icon of loyalty and faithfulness. Hanuman is also known for his humility and wisdom, often serving as a symbol of selflessness and dedication.

Worship and Significance

Hanuman is widely worshipped across India and in many other parts of the world. Tuesdays and Saturdays are particularly auspicious days for his worship. Devotees visit temples dedicated to Hanuman to offer prayers, chant Hanuman Chalisa (a set of 40 verses in his praise), and seek his blessings for strength and protection against evils. Hanuman Jayanti, the day believed to be his birthday, is celebrated with great fervor.

Cultural Impact

Hanuman's influence extends beyond religious boundaries, inspiring various cultural expressions in art, literature, and performances. His character has been interpreted in numerous ways in different cultural contexts, symbolizing various human and divine attributes. Hanuman is also a popular figure in other Southeast Asian cultures, such as in Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia, where the Ramayana is a significant part of the cultural heritage.

In Popular Culture

In modern times, Hanuman's tales have been adapted into comics, films, and animated series, making him a familiar figure even among those who do not follow Hindu traditions closely. His image is often seen in amulets, carvings, and paintings, serving as a protective emblem.

See Also

• Ramayana
• Rama
• Sita
• Vayu
• Lanka