Hamstring
Hamstring
The hamstring is a group of three muscles located at the back of the thigh. These muscles include the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris. They play a crucial role in walking, running, jumping, and controlling some movements of the trunk. In particular, they flex the knee and extend the hip when the trunk is fixed.
Anatomy
The hamstring is made up of three muscles:
- Semitendinosus: This muscle is located on the medial side of the thigh and is involved in flexing the knee and extending the hip.
- Semimembranosus: This muscle is also located on the medial side of the thigh and performs the same functions as the semitendinosus.
- Biceps Femoris: This muscle has two parts, the long head and the short head. The long head performs the same functions as the other two hamstring muscles, while the short head only flexes the knee.
Function
The hamstring muscles have two main functions: flexing the knee and extending the hip. They are used in many daily activities such as walking, running, and jumping. They also play a role in stabilizing the pelvis and controlling the movement of the trunk and knee.
Injuries
Hamstring injuries are common in athletes, especially those involved in sports that require a lot of running or jumping. These injuries often occur when the muscles are stretched beyond their limit, resulting in a strain or tear. Symptoms of a hamstring injury include sudden and severe pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the leg. Treatment usually involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). In severe cases, surgery may be required.
Prevention
Preventing hamstring injuries involves regular stretching and strengthening exercises, as well as proper warm-up and cool-down routines. It's also important to avoid overuse and to increase the intensity of physical activity gradually.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
