Gymnosperm
Gymnosperm
Gymnosperm (pronounced: /ˈdʒɪmnəˌspɜːrm/), from the Greek words γυμνός (gymnos, "naked") and σπέρμα (sperma, "seed"), is a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek composite word meaning 'naked seeds', referring to the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state).
Classification
Gymnosperms are a taxonomic class that includes plants whose seeds are not enclosed within an ovary or fruit. They are the sister group to the Angiosperms, or flowering plants. The four major groups of gymnosperms are:
- Coniferophyta (conifers)
- Cycadophyta (cycads)
- Ginkgophyta (ginkgo)
- Gnetophyta (gnetophytes)
Characteristics
Gymnosperms are characterized by their 'naked seeds' which are not enclosed in a fruit, but are exposed on the surface of cone scales. They are typically evergreen, woody plants with needle-like leaves, such as pines, spruces, and firs. However, there are some exceptions, such as the deciduous larches and the ginkgo tree.
Reproduction
Gymnosperms reproduce by forming a seed on the surface of scales or at the end of short stalks. The seeds develop on the scales of female cones after being fertilized by pollen from male cones. Unlike angiosperms, gymnosperms do not produce flowers or fruit.
Economic Importance
Gymnosperms have significant economic value. For example, conifers are important for timber and paper production. Some species are used for ornamental purposes and many have medicinal properties.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gymnosperm
- Wikipedia's article - Gymnosperm
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