Group A streptococcus
Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the genus Streptococcus. Pronounced as /ˌstrɛptəˈkɒkəs paɪˈoʊdʒɪniːz/, the term originates from the Greek words "streptos" meaning twisted and "kokkos" meaning berry.
Overview
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for a variety of health conditions, ranging from mild infections like pharyngitis (strep throat) and impetigo to severe diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of GAS is complex and involves a variety of virulence factors. The bacteria produce several exotoxins, including streptolysin O and streptolysin S, which can damage host tissues and immune cells. GAS can also produce a hyaluronic acid capsule, which helps the bacteria evade the host's immune response.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for GAS infections typically involves antibiotics, such as penicillin or erythromycin. Prevention strategies include good hygiene practices and, in some cases, prophylactic antibiotics.
Related Terms
- Streptococcus
- Gram-positive bacteria
- Pharyngitis
- Impetigo
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
- Exotoxin
- Penicillin
- Erythromycin
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