Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

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GHS pictogram on back of Axe botte

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon system, created by the United Nations, aimed at replacing the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries by using consistent criteria for classification and labeling on a global level. The GHS covers classification of chemicals by types of hazard and proposes harmonized hazard communication elements, including labels and safety data sheets.

Overview

The GHS provides a basis for harmonization of rules and regulations on chemicals at a global level, which is an important factor for trade facilitation and to improve the protection of human health and the environment during the handling, transport, and use of these chemicals. The GHS includes criteria for the classification of health, physical, and environmental hazards, as well as specifying what information should be included on labels of hazardous chemicals and safety data sheets.

Classification

The GHS classifies chemicals based on their health, environmental, and physical hazards. It uses standardized hazard statements, pictograms, and signal words to convey the hazards of chemical products. Categories for classification include flammable liquids, oxidizing substances, toxic substances, corrosive substances, and many others.

Labeling

Under the GHS, each label must include a signal word, either "Danger" or "Warning," to indicate the level of risk associated with the chemical. Hazard statements, which describe the nature of the hazard, precautionary statements, which give advice on how to avoid or minimize adverse effects, and pictograms that visually represent the type of hazard, are also required.

Safety Data Sheets

The GHS requires that chemical manufacturers and importers provide Safety Data Sheets (SDS) that include detailed information about the chemical. The SDS must be in a consistent, user-friendly, 16-section format. This includes information on the chemical’s properties, hazards, protective measures, and safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical.

Implementation

The GHS is not a regulation, but rather a framework or guideline that countries can adopt as part of their national regulations. Implementation of the GHS has varied globally, with countries adopting the system at different paces and to varying extents. The European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea are among the regions that have adopted the GHS to a significant degree.

Benefits

The main benefits of the GHS include increased safety for workers handling chemicals, reduced costs for businesses by reducing the need for multiple classifications and labels for the same product, and improved emergency response to chemical incidents. The system also facilitates international trade in chemicals by harmonizing the information and labeling on a global scale.

Challenges

Despite its benefits, the implementation of the GHS has faced challenges. These include the cost of reclassification of chemicals, training for workers and companies, and the adaptation of national regulations to accommodate the GHS standards.

Conclusion

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals represents a significant step forward in the international effort to standardize and improve the safety and handling of chemicals. While challenges remain in its implementation, the benefits of a harmonized approach to chemical classification and labeling are clear, offering improvements in safety, trade facilitation, and environmental protection.

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