Gambling

From WikiMD's medical encyclopedia

Gambling is the wagering of something of value, usually money, on an event with an uncertain outcome, with the primary intent of winning additional money or material goods. Gambling thus requires three elements to be present: consideration (an amount wagered), risk (chance), and a prize. The outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a horse crossing the finish line, but longer time frames are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an entire sports season.

History

The history of gambling dates back to the Paleolithic period, before written history. In Mesopotamia the earliest six-sided dice date to about 3000 BC. However, they were based on astragali dating back thousands of years earlier. In China, gambling houses were widespread in the first millennium BC, and betting on fighting animals was common. Lotto games and dominoes (precursors of Pai Gow) appeared in China as early as the 10th century.

Types of Gambling

Gambling can be classified into various types such as casino games, non-casino games, fixed-odds betting, pari-mutuel betting, sports betting, arbitrage betting, and other types of betting.

Casino Games

Casino games are games available in casinos, in which the player can bet on various types of outcomes. Some of the popular casino games include Poker, Blackjack, Roulette, and Slot Machines.

Non-Casino Games

Non-casino games are those that are played outside casinos, including Bingo, Lotteries, Mahjong, and various card games.

Fixed-Odds Betting

Fixed-odds betting is a form of wagering against odds offered by a bookmaker, an individual, or on a bet exchange.

Pari-Mutuel Betting

Pari-mutuel betting is a betting system in which all bets of a particular type are placed together in a pool; the payoff odds are calculated by sharing the pool among all winning bets.

Sports Betting

Sports betting involves predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome.

Arbitrage Betting

Arbitrage betting is a theoretically risk-free betting system in which every outcome of an event is bet upon so that a known profit will be made by the bettor upon completion of the event, regardless of the outcome.

Gambling and Society

Gambling has significant social and economic impacts. While it can provide recreational entertainment and increased government revenue in the form of taxes, it can also lead to problem gambling and negative effects on mental health.

See Also

References

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  • The Cardsharps

  • Gamblers in the Ship of Fools, 1494

  • Players and courtesans under a tent

  • Protest against gambling, Estonia, Tallinn, 2007

  • Caesars Palace night 2007

  • Pachinko parlor

  • Ordinary mahjong

  • RAY Ruusu and Tuplapotti

  • Tokyo Racecourse

  • Gloria Mundi, or The Devil addressing the sun

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD