GI

GI or Gastrointestinal refers to the body system that includes the stomach and intestines. It is responsible for the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and expulsion of waste.

Overview

The gastrointestinal system is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. It is divided into several sections, each with a specific function in the process of digestion. The main parts of the GI system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon).

Function

The primary function of the GI system is to break down food into nutrients that the body can use. This process begins in the mouth with the mechanical breakdown of food by chewing and the chemical breakdown by saliva. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach, where it is further broken down by stomach acid. The partially digested food then moves into the small intestine, where most of the nutrient absorption occurs. Finally, the remaining waste material is passed into the large intestine, where water is absorbed and the remaining waste is formed into stool to be expelled from the body.

Disorders

There are many disorders that can affect the GI system. These include acid reflux, peptic ulcers, gallstones, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and colon cancer, among others. Symptoms of GI disorders can include abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Treatment

Treatment for GI disorders depends on the specific condition. It may include dietary changes, medication, stress management techniques, and in some cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if you have persistent symptoms that may indicate a GI disorder.

See Also

• Digestive system
• Gastroenterology
• Gastrointestinal surgery

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