Fluoridation

Fluoridation

Fluoridation (pronounced: floor-ih-day-shun) is the process of adding fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. The practice began in the United States in the 1940s and has since been adopted by many countries worldwide.

Etymology

The term "fluoridation" is derived from "fluoride", which in turn comes from "fluorine", a chemical element named from the Latin word "fluere", meaning "to flow".

Process

Fluoridation involves the controlled addition of a fluoride compound, usually hexafluorosilicic acid, sodium hexafluorosilicate, or sodium fluoride, to a public water supply. The optimal level of fluoride in drinking water to prevent tooth decay is typically around 0.7 parts per million (ppm).

Health Effects

The primary benefit of fluoridation is the prevention of dental caries or tooth decay. Fluoride helps to remineralize tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attack from bacteria in the mouth.

However, excessive exposure to fluoride can lead to dental fluorosis, a condition that causes discoloration and pitting of the teeth. In severe cases, it can also lead to skeletal fluorosis, a bone disease that can cause pain and damage to bones and joints.

Controversy

The practice of water fluoridation has been controversial. Proponents argue that it is a safe and cost-effective way to prevent tooth decay, especially in communities where access to dental care may be limited. Critics, however, raise concerns about potential health risks, the ethics of mass medication, and the lack of individual consent.

Related Terms

• Fluoride
• Dental caries
• Dental fluorosis
• Skeletal fluorosis
• Hexafluorosilicic acid
• Sodium hexafluorosilicate
• Sodium fluoride

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Fluoridation
• Wikipedia's article - Fluoridation

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