Fingerprinting
Fingerprinting
Fingerprinting (/ˈfɪŋɡərˌprɪntɪŋ/) is a method used to identify individuals based on the unique patterns of ridges and valleys on the surface of a fingertip.
Etymology
The term "fingerprinting" is derived from the English words "finger" and "print", referring to the unique imprint left by the friction ridges of a human finger.
History
The use of fingerprints as a form of identification dates back to ancient Babylon, where fingerprints were used on clay tablets for business transactions. In the modern era, the practice of fingerprinting was first formally used by Sir Francis Galton in the late 19th century.
Process
The process of fingerprinting involves taking a print of the fingertip using ink or a digital scanner. The print is then analyzed for its unique pattern of ridges and valleys, which is unique to each individual.
Types of Fingerprints
There are three types of fingerprints: loops, whorls, and arches. Each type has unique characteristics that can be used to identify individuals.
Uses
Fingerprinting is used in a variety of fields, including law enforcement, forensics, and security. It is also used in biometric technology for identity verification.
Related Terms
- Biometrics - The measurement and statistical analysis of people's unique physical and behavioral characteristics.
- Forensics - The application of scientific knowledge to legal problems and criminal investigations.
- Dermatoglyphics - The scientific study of fingerprints.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Fingerprinting
- Wikipedia's article - Fingerprinting
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