Feather

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Feather

Feather (/ˈfɛðər/), from the Old English fether, is the principal covering of birds, consisting of a shaft (rachis) bearing a series of vanes.

Etymology

The term "feather" originated from the Old English fether, which in turn is derived from the Proto-Germanic *feþrō.

Structure

A feather consists of a central shaft (also known as the rachis) with a series of vanes on either side. These vanes are composed of numerous barbs, which are further divided into barbules. The barbules on one side of the barb have tiny hooks (hamuli) that interlock with the barbules of the next barb.

Types of Feathers

There are several types of feathers, each serving a specific function. These include:

  • Contour feathers: These are the outermost feathers on a bird's body. They give the bird its shape and color, and aid in flight.
  • Down feathers: These are small, fluffy feathers located beneath the contour feathers. They provide insulation to keep the bird warm.
  • Flight feathers: These are specialized contour feathers located on the wings and tail. They are crucial for flight.
  • Semiplume feathers: These are a mix between contour and down feathers. They provide insulation and help in flight.
  • Bristle feathers: These are simple, hair-like feathers. They are usually found around the eyes and mouth, and are thought to serve a sensory function.

Functions

Feathers serve several functions in birds. They provide insulation, aid in flight, and are used in courtship displays. Some birds also use their feathers to make sounds.

Related Terms

  • Plumage: The entire feather covering of a bird.
  • Molt: The process of shedding and replacing feathers.
  • Preening: The act of a bird cleaning and arranging its feathers with its beak.

External links

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