Fc region
Fc region
The Fc region (pronounced as /ɛf siː riːdʒən/) is a crucial part of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system. This interaction is vital in mediating cellular immune response.
Etymology
The term "Fc" stands for "Fragment, crystallizable". This name is derived from the ability of this part of the antibody to form crystals under certain conditions.
Structure
The Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments, derived from the second and third constant domains of the antibody's heavy chains. It is typically composed of carbohydrates attached to the protein core. The structure of the Fc region varies among different classes of immunoglobulins, which determines the type of immune response the antibody can trigger.
Function
The primary function of the Fc region is to bind to Fc receptors present on the surface of immune cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. This binding triggers a series of events that lead to the destruction of the pathogen. The Fc region also binds to components of the complement system, a group of proteins that aid in the clearance of pathogens.
Related Terms
- Antibody: A protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances.
- Fc receptors: A protein found on the surface of certain cells that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system.
- Immunoglobulins: A class of proteins in the immune system that function as antibodies.
- Complement system: A part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism.
See Also
- Antigen binding site
- Immunoglobulin domain
- Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- Complement-dependent cytotoxicity
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Fc region
- Wikipedia's article - Fc region
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