Epidemic dropsy

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Epidemic dropsy
File:1-s2.0-S0304416504003162-gr1.jpg
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Edema, dyspnea, gastrointestinal disturbances, glaucoma, cardiac failure
Complications	Heart failure, respiratory distress
Onset	Acute
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Consumption of adulterated mustard oil
Risks	Contaminated food supply
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation, history of exposure
Differential diagnosis	Beriberi, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure
Prevention	Avoidance of contaminated oil
Treatment	Supportive care, diuretics, antihistamines, steroids
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, can be severe
Frequency	Rare, associated with outbreaks
Deaths	N/A

Epidemic dropsy is a clinical syndrome that occurs after the consumption of adulterated mustard oil contaminated with Argemone mexicana seeds. The disease is characterized by bilateral pitting edema, ascites, breathlessness, and cardiac failure.

Etiology

The disease is caused by the consumption of mustard oil adulterated with seeds of Argemone mexicana. The toxic principle is sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine, which are benzophenanthridine alkaloids present in the seeds and plant of Argemone mexicana.

Clinical Features

The clinical features of epidemic dropsy include bilateral pitting edema, ascites, breathlessness, and cardiac failure. Other symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of epidemic dropsy is based on the clinical features and history of consumption of adulterated mustard oil. Laboratory investigations may show anemia, leukocytosis, and increased serum creatinine and urea levels.

Treatment

The treatment of epidemic dropsy is mainly supportive and symptomatic. Diuretics are used to reduce edema and ascites. Cardiac failure is managed with digitalis and other cardiac drugs. Antibiotics are given for secondary infections.

Prevention

Prevention of epidemic dropsy involves the regulation of the sale of mustard oil and the detection and removal of Argemone mexicana seeds from mustard seeds.

Images

• Argemone mexicana flower
  Argemone mexicana flower
• Brassica juncea
  Brassica juncea