Elution
Elution is a process used in chromatography to extract a substance from a mixture by washing it out of the stationary phase. This process is achieved by passing a solvent, known as the eluent, through the mixture, which carries the substance of interest with it as it moves.
Process
The process of elution involves the introduction of an analyte into the stationary phase. The analyte is then allowed to interact with this phase, which is typically a solid or a liquid. The eluent, which is a solvent, is then passed through the stationary phase. The interaction between the analyte and the stationary phase determines the rate at which the analyte is eluted.
The choice of eluent is crucial in the elution process. The eluent must be able to dissolve the analyte without dissolving the stationary phase. In addition, the eluent must be able to carry the analyte through the stationary phase at a rate that allows for its detection and analysis.
Types of Elution
There are two main types of elution used in chromatography: isocratic elution and gradient elution.
Isocratic Elution
In isocratic elution, the eluent composition remains constant throughout the process. This type of elution is typically used when the analytes have similar affinities for the stationary phase.
Gradient Elution
In gradient elution, the eluent composition changes during the process. This type of elution is used when the analytes have different affinities for the stationary phase. The gradient can be either linear or nonlinear, depending on the requirements of the analysis.
Applications
Elution is used in a variety of applications, including:
- Biochemistry: Elution is used to separate proteins and other biomolecules based on their size, charge, or binding affinity.
- Pharmaceutical industry: Elution is used in the development and quality control of pharmaceutical products.
- Environmental science: Elution is used to analyze pollutants in environmental samples.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
