Ecological succession

Ecological Succession

Ecological succession (pronunciation: /ɪˌkoʊləˈdʒɪkəl səkˈsɛʃən/) is a process in ecology where the structure of a biological community evolves over time. The term was coined by Henry Chandler Cowles in the early 20th century.

Etymology

The term "ecological succession" derives from the Latin words "oecologia," meaning "house study," and "successio," meaning "following after." It was first used in the context of ecology to describe the observed process of change in an ecological community over time.

Types of Ecological Succession

There are two main types of ecological succession: primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas—regions where there is no soil or where the soil is incapable of sustaining life. Secondary succession, on the other hand, occurs in areas where a community that previously existed has been removed; it is typified by smaller-scale disturbances that do not eliminate all life and nutrients from the environment.

Process of Ecological Succession

The process of ecological succession begins with the colonization of a habitat by pioneer species. These species are capable of thriving in a barren environment and begin the process of soil creation. As the soil develops, it becomes capable of supporting more complex plant species, which in turn attract and support various animal species. This process continues until a stable climax community is established.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Ecological succession
Wikipedia's article - Ecological succession

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Ecological succession