Eccentric hypertrophy
Eccentric Hypertrophy
Eccentric hypertrophy (pronunciation: e-kən-ˈtrik hī-ˈpər-trə-fē) is a type of cardiac hypertrophy that occurs in response to volume overload within the heart. The term is derived from the Greek words "ekkentros" meaning "out of the center" and "hypertrophe" meaning "excessive nourishment".
Definition
Eccentric hypertrophy is characterized by the enlargement of the heart muscle in which the walls of the heart chamber remain the same thickness, but the overall size of the chamber increases. This is typically a response to increased volume load, such as that caused by mitral regurgitation or aortic regurgitation.
Pathophysiology
In eccentric hypertrophy, the heart's ventricles increase in size while the thickness of the walls stays the same or decreases relative to the chamber's size. This is due to the addition of new sarcomeres, the basic units of muscle tissue, in series with existing ones. This results in a dilated heart chamber capable of holding a larger volume of blood.
Clinical Significance
Eccentric hypertrophy can lead to heart failure due to the increased workload on the heart. It is often seen in conditions such as hypertension, aortic stenosis, and aortic insufficiency.
Related Terms
- Concentric Hypertrophy: A type of cardiac hypertrophy where the walls of the heart chamber thicken, but the overall size of the chamber does not increase.
- Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body.
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Enlargement and thickening (hypertrophy) of the walls of the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle).
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Eccentric hypertrophy
- Wikipedia's article - Eccentric hypertrophy
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