Disorders of sex development
Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)
Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), pronounced /dɪsˈɔːdəz ɒv sɛks dɪˈvɛləpmənt/, are a group of conditions where the reproductive organs and genitals do not develop as expected. Some prefer the term intersex for these conditions. The etymology of the term is from the Latin dis- meaning "apart" and ordo meaning "order", and the Old English seax meaning "sex", and the Latin developare meaning "to unfold".
Types of DSD
There are many different types of DSD, including:
- 46,XX DSD - This occurs when there are two X chromosomes but the external genitals appear male.
- 46,XY DSD - This occurs when there are one X and one Y chromosome but the external genitals appear female or ambiguous.
- Sex chromosome DSD - This occurs when there is an unusual number of sex chromosomes.
Causes
DSD can be caused by:
- Genetic mutations - Changes in genes can affect sex development.
- Hormonal imbalances - Problems with the body's hormone-producing glands can affect sex development.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of DSD can involve:
- Physical examination - Looking at the external genitals.
- Genetic testing - Looking for changes in genes.
- Hormone testing - Checking the levels of certain hormones.
Treatment
Treatment for DSD can involve:
- Hormone therapy - This can help to develop secondary sexual characteristics.
- Surgery - This can help to make the genitals look more typically male or female.
- Psychological support - This can help with feelings of confusion or distress.
See also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Disorders of sex development
- Wikipedia's article - Disorders of sex development
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