Dephosphorylation
Dephosphorylation (pronunciation: dee-fos-fo-rye-lay-shun) is a biochemical process that involves the removal of a phosphate group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. It is the reverse of the process of phosphorylation.
Etymology
The term "dephosphorylation" is derived from the prefix "de-", which means "removal" or "reversal", and "phosphorylation", which refers to the addition of a phosphate group.
Process
Dephosphorylation is catalyzed by various types of enzymes known as phosphatases. These enzymes facilitate the cleavage of the phosphate group, resulting in the production of inorganic phosphate and a dephosphorylated molecule. This process is crucial in many biological functions, including cell signaling and energy metabolism.
Role in Cell Signaling
Dephosphorylation plays a key role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways. Many signaling proteins are activated or deactivated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, respectively. This process is tightly regulated to ensure proper cell function.
Role in Energy Metabolism
In energy metabolism, dephosphorylation is involved in the conversion of energy-storing molecules. For example, the dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produces adenosine diphosphate (ADP), releasing energy that can be used by the cell.
Related Terms
- Phosphorylation: The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
- Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the process of dephosphorylation.
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): A molecule that stores energy for use by the cell.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Dephosphorylation
- Wikipedia's article - Dephosphorylation
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