Dead zone (ecology)
Dead zone (ecology) (pronunciation: /dɛd zoʊn/; etymology: English, 1970s) is a term used in Ecology to describe areas in the Ocean or other bodies of Water that have low Oxygen levels, also known as hypoxic conditions. These zones are so named because they are often devoid of most Marine life, with the exception of some hardy species that can tolerate such conditions.
Overview
A dead zone is typically caused by an excess of Nutrients, particularly Nitrogen and Phosphorus, in the water. This can lead to an overgrowth of Algae, known as an algal bloom. When these algae die and decompose, they consume the oxygen in the water, creating hypoxic conditions. This process is known as Eutrophication.
Causes
The primary cause of dead zones is agricultural runoff, which is high in nitrogen and phosphorus. Other sources of nutrients can include Sewage and industrial waste. Climate change is also believed to contribute to the formation of dead zones, as warmer water holds less oxygen.
Effects
The effects of dead zones can be devastating for marine life. Many species cannot survive in hypoxic conditions and are forced to leave the area or die. This can lead to a significant decrease in Biodiversity and can disrupt the food chain.
Prevention and mitigation
Preventing and mitigating the effects of dead zones involves reducing nutrient pollution, particularly from agricultural runoff. This can be achieved through better Farming practices, such as using less fertilizer and managing animal waste more effectively. Restoring wetlands can also help, as they can absorb and filter out nutrients.
See also
- [[Hypoxia (environmental)]
- Red tide
- Water pollution
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