DBS
DBS or Deep Brain Stimulation is a neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a 'brain pacemaker'), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Pronunciation
The term DBS is pronounced as /diː biː ɛs/ and Deep Brain Stimulation as /diːp breɪn stɪmjʊˈleɪʃən/.
Etymology
The term "Deep Brain Stimulation" is derived from the English language where "Deep" refers to something extending far down from the top surface, "Brain" is the organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals, and "Stimulation" refers to encouragement of something to make it develop or become more active.
Procedure
DBS typically uses a Stereotactic technique for the placement of a DBS device, also known as a Brain pacemaker. The procedure involves three steps: the implantation of the electrodes within the brain, the implantation of the device within the chest, and the connection of the electrodes to the device with a subcutaneous wire.
Applications
DBS is most commonly used for the treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, Dystonia, Essential tremor, and Obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is also used in research studies to treat chronic pain, PTSD, and has been used to treat various affective disorders, including Major depression.
Risks and Complications
Like any surgical procedure, DBS has potential risks and complications. These may include infection, hemorrhage, stroke, hardware complications, and cognitive changes.
See Also
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