Criminal justice

From WikiMD's medical encyclopedia

Criminal justice is a system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts.

Overview

The criminal justice system is comprised of three main parts: Law enforcement (Police), adjudication (Courts), and corrections (Prison). These components function together to maintain order within society, enforce the laws of the land, and ensure fairness and justice.

Law Enforcement

Law enforcement, primarily conducted by police agencies, is responsible for maintaining order and enforcing the law. This includes preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. The police are also responsible for the initial apprehension of individuals suspected of committing crimes.

Adjudication

The courts serve as the venue where disputes are settled and justice is administered. In criminal cases, the court determines whether a suspect is guilty or not guilty, and then imposes a sentence. The courts also provide a mechanism for the resolution of disputes.

Corrections

The corrections component includes prison, jail, probation, parole, and community service. This component punishes and rehabilitates offenders. Punishments can include imprisonment, fines, and community service. Rehabilitation includes educational and vocational programs, which can reduce recidivism.

Criminal Justice Process

The criminal justice process consists of several stages from the initial investigation or arrest by police to the eventual release of the offender and his or her re-entry into society. The process differs from one jurisdiction to another, and it can be complex, involving many different agencies and individuals.

See Also

References


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  • Criminal justice

  • Old Bailey, London

  • Huntsville Unit, Texas

  • Prisoners receiving Quranic education

  • Prisoners whipped

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD