Copper in biology
Copper in Biology
Copper (pronunciation: /ˈkɒpər/; from the Latin cuprum) is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. In biology, copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms).
Etymology
The word "copper" comes from the Old English coper and from the Latin cuprum, which means "from the island of Cyprus". Cyprus was the major supplier of copper to the Roman Empire.
Role in Biology
In humans and other animals, copper is found in all tissues. It is a critical component of many enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c oxidase, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. These enzymes are involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and antioxidant defense.
In plants, copper is important for photosynthesis. It is a component of the protein plastocyanin, which is involved in the electron transport chain in the chloroplast.
Deficiency and Toxicity
Both copper deficiency and copper toxicity are rare in humans. However, when they do occur, they can lead to serious health problems. Copper deficiency can cause anemia, bone abnormalities, and impaired immune function. Copper toxicity can cause liver and kidney damage, and in severe cases, death.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Copper in biology
- Wikipedia's article - Copper in biology
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