Concussion

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Concussion
Synonyms	Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), mild head injury (MHI)
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, confusion, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, memory problems
Complications	N/A
Onset	Immediate or delayed
Duration	Days to weeks
Types	N/A
Causes	Traumatic brain injury
Risks	Contact sports, falls, motor vehicle accidents
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, neuroimaging
Differential diagnosis	Intracranial hemorrhage, cervical spine injury
Prevention	Protective headgear, seat belts, fall prevention
Treatment	Rest, cognitive rest, gradual return to activities
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with proper management
Frequency	Common, especially in contact sports
Deaths	N/A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Kids.webm

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Anizokoria

MTBI incidince bar graph

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Guillaume Dupuytren

== Concussion ==

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. Concussions can also occur from a violent shaking of the head or upper body. This injury can lead to a temporary loss of normal brain function.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a concussion can vary widely and may include:

• Headache
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light and noise
• Memory loss
• Difficulty concentrating

Symptoms can appear immediately or may not be noticed until days or weeks after the injury.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing a concussion typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Neurological examinations and cognitive tests may be conducted to assess the severity of the injury. In some cases, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs may be used to rule out more serious brain injuries.

Treatment

The primary treatment for a concussion is rest. This includes both physical and mental rest to allow the brain to heal. Patients are often advised to avoid activities that could result in another concussion, such as contact sports. Over-the-counter pain relievers may be used to manage headaches. In some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend a gradual return to normal activities under supervision.

Prevention

Preventing concussions involves taking precautions to avoid head injuries. This includes wearing appropriate protective gear during sports, using seat belts in vehicles, and making living environments safer to prevent falls.

Long-term Effects

While most people recover fully from a concussion, some may experience long-term effects. These can include persistent headaches, memory problems, and difficulties with concentration. Repeated concussions can lead to more serious conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

See also

• Traumatic brain injury
• Post-concussion syndrome
• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
• Second-impact syndrome
• Brain injury
• Neurology