Communism
Communism
Communism (/kəˈmjuːnɪzəm/; from Latin communis, 'common, universal') is a philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of a communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state.
Etymology
The term "communism" was first coined and defined in its modern definition by the French philosopher and writer Victor d'Hupay. In his 1777 book Projet de communauté philosophe, d'Hupay pushes the philosophy of the Enlightenment to principles which he lived up to during most of his life in his bastide of Fuveau (Provence). This book can be seen as the cornerstone of communist philosophy as d'Hupay defines this lifestyle as a "commune" and advises to "share all economic and material products between inhabitants of the 'commune', so that all may benefit from everybody's work".
Related Terms
- Marxism: A method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict as well as a dialectical perspective to view social transformation.
- Socialism: A range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
- Capitalism: An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
- Bolshevism: The communist form of government adopted in Russia following the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.
- Leninism: The political theory for the organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party and the achievement of a dictatorship of the proletariat as political prelude to the establishment of socialism.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Communism
- Wikipedia's article - Communism
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