Color space

A mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers

 This article is about the mathematical model.
   For the physical space, see Color space (physical space).

Color space is a specific organization of colors, which helps in the reproduction of color in both physical and digital formats. It is a mathematical model that describes the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components. When combined with a physical device's profile, it allows for the accurate reproduction of color across different devices and media.

Overview

A color space is a useful conceptual tool for understanding the color capabilities of a particular device or digital file. It defines a range of colors, known as the gamut, that can be represented. The most common color spaces are RGB, CMYK, and CIELAB.

RGB Color Space

RGB color space is based on the three primary colors of light: red, green, and blue. It is an additive color model where colors are created by combining these three colors in various ways. RGB is widely used in electronic displays such as computer monitors, televisions, and cameras.

CMYK Color Space

CMYK color space is a subtractive color model used in color printing. It is based on the four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black). CMYK works by subtracting varying percentages of these colors from a white background to produce a wide range of colors.

CIELAB Color Space

CIELAB color space is a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). It is designed to be perceptually uniform, meaning that the same amount of numerical change in these values corresponds to roughly the same amount of visually perceived change. CIELAB is often used in color management systems.

Applications

Color spaces are crucial in various fields such as photography, television, printing, and computer graphics. They ensure that colors are consistent across different devices and media, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of visual content.

Color Management

Color management is the process of controlling the way colors are represented across different devices. It involves the use of color profiles, which are specific to each device, to ensure that colors are accurately reproduced. This is particularly important in professional fields where color accuracy is critical, such as graphic design and digital photography.

Also see

• Color model
• Color theory
• Color management
• Gamut
• Color profile

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  CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram

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  Color space representation

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  Young-Helmholtz theory

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  RGB and CMYK color models comparison

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  Additive color mixing

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  Subtractive color mixing