Coenosarc

An overview of the coenosarc in coral anatomy

Coenosarc

The coenosarc is a significant anatomical feature in corals, particularly within the Cnidaria phylum. It is the living tissue that connects the individual polyps of a coral colony, allowing for the transfer of nutrients and signals between them. This tissue plays a crucial role in the growth and survival of coral colonies.

Detail of the coenosarc in Echinopora lamellosa

Structure

The coenosarc is composed of a thin layer of living tissue that covers the corallites, which are the skeletal cups that house the individual polyps. It consists of two main layers: the epidermis and the gastrodermis, with a gelatinous substance called mesoglea in between. The epidermis contains specialized cells such as cnidocytes, which are used for defense and prey capture.

Function

The primary function of the coenosarc is to facilitate the distribution of nutrients and symbiotic zooxanthellae throughout the coral colony. It also plays a role in the removal of waste products and the coordination of colony-wide responses to environmental stimuli. The coenosarc enables the coral to grow and expand by depositing new skeletal material at the edges of the colony.

Role in Coral Health

The health of the coenosarc is vital for the overall well-being of the coral colony. Damage to this tissue can lead to coral bleaching and increased susceptibility to diseases. Environmental stressors such as temperature changes, pollution, and ocean acidification can adversely affect the coenosarc, leading to coral decline.

Related pages

• Coral reef
• Polyp (zoology)
• Cnidaria
• Zooxanthellae