Coccidioides
Coccidioides (/kɒksɪdiːˈɔɪdiːz/; from the Greek kokkos, meaning "spherical," and eidos, meaning "form") is a genus of dimorphic fungi in the family Coccidioidaceae. It is endemic to certain parts of the Americas, particularly the Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. The major species of Coccidioides are Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii.
Etymology
The name Coccidioides derives from the Greek words kokkos, which means "spherical," and eidos, which means "form." This is in reference to the spherical shape of the fungal spores.
Species
The genus Coccidioides includes two species: Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Both species are nearly identical morphologically but have slight genetic differences.
- Coccidioides immitis is primarily found in California, particularly in the San Joaquin Valley.
- Coccidioides posadasii is more widespread and can be found in other parts of the United States, Mexico, Central and South America.
Disease
Infection with Coccidioides species can lead to a disease known as coccidioidomycosis, also known as "Valley fever." This disease primarily affects the lungs and can range from mild, flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis is typically made through clinical evaluation and confirmed with laboratory tests, including serology and culture. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, such as fluconazole and itraconazole.
Prevention
Prevention of coccidioidomycosis primarily involves avoiding exposure to dust and soil in endemic areas. There is currently no vaccine available for coccidioidomycosis.
See Also
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